中华人民共和国宪法（2018年修正文本）的英文译本

（来源：中国人大网）

第二章 公民的基本权利和义务

Chapter II Fundamental Rights and Obligations of Citizens

Article 33 All persons holding the nationality of the People's Republic of China are citizens of the People's Republic of China.

All citizens of the People's Republic of China are equal before the law.

The state shall respect and protect human rights.

Every citizen shall enjoy the rights prescribed by the Constitution and the law and must fulfill the obligations prescribed by the Constitution and the law.

Article 34 All citizens of the People's Republic of China who have reached the age of 18, regardless of ethnicity, race, gender, occupation, family background, religious belief, level of education, property status, or length of residence, shall have the right to vote and stand for election; however, persons who are deprived of political rights in accordance with the law are an exception.

Article 35 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have freedom of speech, the press, assembly, association, procession, and demonstration.

Article 36 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have freedom of religious belief.

No state organ, social organization, or individual shall compel citizens to believe in or not to believe in any religion, nor shall they discriminate against citizens who believe in or do not believe in any religion.

The state shall protect normal religious activities. No one shall use religion to engage in activities that disrupt public order, harm citizens' health, or interfere with the state's education system.

Religious groups and religious affairs shall not be subject to control by foreign forces.

Article 37 The personal freedom of citizens of the People's Republic of China is inviolable.

No citizen shall be arrested unless with the approval or by the decision of a people's procuratorate or by the decision of a people's court, and arrests must be carried out by a public security organ.

Unlawful detention or any other unlawful deprivation or restriction of a citizen's personal freedom is prohibited; the unlawful search of a citizen's person is prohibited.

Article 38 The personal dignity of citizens of the People's Republic of China is inviolable. It is prohibited to use any means to insult, defame, or falsely accuse any citizen.

Article 39 The homes of citizens of the People's Republic of China are inviolable. Unlawful search of or unlawful intrusion into a citizen's home is prohibited.

Article 40 The freedom and confidentiality of correspondence of citizens of the People's Republic of China shall be protected by law. No organization or individual shall infringe upon a citizen's freedom and confidentiality of correspondence for any reason, except for national security or criminal investigation needs, in which cases public security organs or procuratorial organs shall examine correspondence in accordance with procedures prescribed by law.

Article 41 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right to criticize and make suggestions regarding any state organ or state employee; they shall have the right to file with relevant state organs complaints, charges, or reports against any state organ or state employee for violations of the law or negligence of duty, but they shall not fabricate or distort facts to make false accusations.

Relevant state organs must investigate the facts concerning citizens' complaints, charges, or reports and take responsibility for dealing with them. No one shall suppress such complaints, charges, or reports or take retaliatory action.

Persons who have suffered losses resulting from infringement of their civil rights by any state organ or state employee shall have the right to receive compensation in accordance with the law.

Article 42 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right and the obligation to work.

The state shall, through various means, create employment opportunities, strengthen labor protections, improve working conditions and, based on the development of production, increase remuneration for work and related benefits.

Work is an honorable duty for every citizen who is able to work. All workers in state-owned enterprises and in urban and rural collective economic organizations shall approach their own work as the country's masters. The state shall promote socialist work contests and reward model workers and exemplary employees. The state shall encourage citizens to participate in voluntary work.

The state shall provide its citizens with necessary pre-employment vocational training.

Article 43 Workers in the People's Republic of China shall have the right to rest.

The state shall develop rest and recuperation facilities for workers and establish systems for employee working hours and leave entitlements.

Article 44 The state shall practice a retirement system for employees of enterprises, public institutions, and state organs in accordance with the law. The livelihood of retirees shall be ensured by the state and society.

Article 45 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right to material assistance from the state and society when they are aged, ill, or have lost the capacity to work. The state shall develop the social insurance, social relief, and medical and health services necessary for citizens to enjoy this right.

The state and society shall ensure the livelihood of military personnel with disabilities, provide pensions to families of martyrs, and give preferential treatment to family members of military personnel.

The state and society shall assist in arranging the work, livelihood, and education of citizens with visual, hearing, speech, or other disabilities.

Article 46 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the right and the obligation to receive education.

The state shall foster the all-around moral, intellectual, and physical development of young adults, youths, and children.

Article 47 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the freedom to engage in scientific research, literary and artistic creation, and other cultural pursuits. The state shall encourage and assist in creative work that is beneficial to the people of citizens engaged in education, science, technology, literature, arts, and other cultural activities.

Article 48 Women in the People's Republic of China shall enjoy equal rights with men in all spheres of life—political, economic, cultural, social, and familial.

The state shall protect the rights and interests of women, practice equal pay for equal work for men and women, and enhance the competence of and select women officials.

Article 49 Marriage, families, mothers, and children shall be protected by the state.

Both husband and wife shall have the obligation to practice family planning.

Parents shall have the obligation to raise and educate their minor children; adult children shall have the obligation to support and assist their parents.

Infringement of the freedom of marriage is prohibited; abuse of older persons, women, and children is prohibited.

Article 50 The People's Republic of China shall protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing overseas, as well as the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals residing overseas who have returned to China and the family members in China of Chinese nationals residing overseas.

Article 51 When exercising their freedoms and rights, citizens of the People's Republic of China shall not harm the interests of the state, society, or collectives, or infringe upon the lawful freedoms and rights of other citizens.

Article 52 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the obligation to safeguard national unity and the solidarity of all ethnic groups in the country.

Article 53 Citizens of the People's Republic of China must abide by the Constitution and the law, keep state secrets, protect public property, observe workplace discipline, observe public order, and respect public morality.

Article 54 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the obligation to safeguard the security, honor, and interests of the motherland; they shall not act in any way that endangers the motherland's security, honor, or interests.

Article 55 It is the sacred duty of every citizen of the People's Republic of China to defend the motherland and resist aggression.

It is the honorable obligation of citizens of the People's Republic of China to perform military service or join the militia in accordance with the law.

Article 56 Citizens of the People's Republic of China shall have the obligation to pay taxes in accordance with the law.